As much as 10-20 million bbl of oil have been pumped out daily for over 30 years, and yet the oil reserves are increasing. After investigating the logging analytical data of the lower Cretaceous marine shale, and Jurassic fine-grained marine carbonates below, drilled along the eastern Mediterranean coast and over the subduction zone, Bein and Sofer (1987) found that the marine shale could not be the source of the oil discovered along the coast of Israel.
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Carbon also can he derived from organic material locked in lithologies and/or from subducted hydrocarbons. Hydrogen can originate from organic material and connate water locked in subducted sedimentary beds, from subducted hydrocarbons, and/or noticeably from water that seeps below the surface and dissociates, or reacts with catalysts at 300-500°C (Mahfoud and Beck - 1991).
The carbon and hydrogen would then combine, under this range of temperature, to form hydrocarbons. Ferrous iron (Fe+2 ), present in mafic minerals, acts as a catalyst in the reduction reactions, and changes to ferric iron (Fe+3) to form magnetite (Fe3O4), commonly found along microscopic cracks in olivine and pyroxene (Mahfoud and Beck - 1991).
The variable combination of paraffins and naphthenes has resulted in different crude compositions in the gulf areas. During these reactions, the hydrocarbons formed have dissolved released contaminants such as S, Fe, Ng, Ni, and Co, from ultramafic, basaltic, and dissociated sedimentary rocks, during their journey to their current locations.
This process would be able to continuously supply hydrocarbons to the oil and gas fields through openings in the Gulf area, as long as the region is tectonically unstable, and earthquakes resulting from subduction of rock materials, fracturing, and seepage of water are common.
It is easy to understand now why hydrocarbons are absent to the east of the ophiolite mountain in Oman (no subduction), why oil reserves are modest in Oman, Syria, and Turkey (inadequate seepage of water), and why traps are found in formations of different ages (Upper Paleozoic to Miocene). Almost all the traps, north and south of the Gulf, are formed by and located over deep-seated horsts and/or over fractured or faulted Early Paleozoic salt domes along the gulf (North - 1985). These openings cut across the basement rocks and overlying beds, and provide access for oil and gas migration to their traps.
Conclusion
The two major ingredients, carbon and hydrogen, necessary for the formation of hydrocarbons in the Middle East, can originate from organic and inorganic sources. Hydrocarbons should be continuously forming in the Persian/Arabian Gulf area to account for the annual increase in oil reserves.
Note: This article works overtime to explain this phenomena place taking in the middle east.
Go figure! There is enough oil to last mankind's needs forever. The development of green technologies would reduce the dependency on hydrocarbons on a global scale for heating and transportation, eliminating the greenhouse effect. Hydrocarbons could remain and be used for friendly climatic uses such as grease and lubricants.
http://www.offshore-mag.com/display_article/23172/120/ARTCL/none/none/2/MIDDLE-EAST-GEOLOGY-Why-the-Middle-East-fields-may-produce-oil-forever/
MIDDLE EAST GEOLOGY Why the Middle East fields may produce oil forever - Offshore
